Recently Emerged Swine Influenza A Virus (H2N3) Causes Severe Pneumonia in Cynomolgus Macaques
Identifieur interne : 000A21 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000A20; suivant : 000A22Recently Emerged Swine Influenza A Virus (H2N3) Causes Severe Pneumonia in Cynomolgus Macaques
Auteurs : Juergen A. Richt [États-Unis] ; Barry Rockx [Canada] ; Wenjun Ma [États-Unis] ; Friederike Feldmann [Canada] ; David Safronetz [Canada] ; Andrea Marzi [Canada] ; Darwyn Kobasa [Canada] ; James E. Strong [Canada] ; Lisa Kercher [États-Unis] ; Dan Long [États-Unis] ; Don Gardner [États-Unis] ; Douglas Brining [États-Unis] ; Heinz Feldmann [Canada]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2012.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Animaux, Chimiokine CCL2 (biosynthèse), Chimiokine CCL2 (immunologie), Femelle, Humains, Indice de gravité médicale, Infections à Orthomyxoviridae (), Infections à Orthomyxoviridae (immunologie), Infections à Orthomyxoviridae (médecine vétérinaire), Infections à Orthomyxoviridae (transmission), Interféron gamma (biosynthèse), Interféron gamma (immunologie), Interleukine-6 (biosynthèse), Interleukine-6 (immunologie), Interleukine-8 (biosynthèse), Interleukine-8 (immunologie), Macaca fascicularis (immunologie), Macaca fascicularis (virologie), Maladies des porcs (immunologie), Maladies des porcs (transmission), Maladies des porcs (virologie), Mâle, Pneumopathie virale (anatomopathologie), Pneumopathie virale (immunologie), Pneumopathie virale (médecine vétérinaire), Pneumopathie virale (étiologie), Poumon (anatomopathologie), Poumon (immunologie), Poumon (virologie), Sous-type H2N2 du virus de la grippe A (immunologie), Sous-type H2N2 du virus de la grippe A (pathogénicité), Suidae (immunologie), Suidae (virologie), Virus de la grippe A (immunologie), Virus de la grippe A (pathogénicité), Virus recombinants (immunologie), Virus recombinants (pathogénicité).
- MESH :
- anatomopathologie : Pneumopathie virale, Poumon.
- biosynthèse : Chimiokine CCL2, Interféron gamma, Interleukine-6, Interleukine-8.
- immunologie : Chimiokine CCL2, Infections à Orthomyxoviridae, Interféron gamma, Interleukine-6, Interleukine-8, Macaca fascicularis, Maladies des porcs, Pneumopathie virale, Poumon, Sous-type H2N2 du virus de la grippe A, Suidae, Virus de la grippe A, Virus recombinants.
- médecine vétérinaire : Infections à Orthomyxoviridae, Pneumopathie virale.
- pathogénicité : Sous-type H2N2 du virus de la grippe A, Virus de la grippe A, Virus recombinants.
- virologie : Macaca fascicularis, Maladies des porcs, Poumon, Suidae.
- étiologie : Infections à Orthomyxoviridae, Maladies des porcs, Pneumopathie virale.
- Animaux, Femelle, Humains, Indice de gravité médicale, Infections à Orthomyxoviridae, Mâle.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Animals, Chemokine CCL2 (biosynthesis), Chemokine CCL2 (immunology), Female, Humans, Influenza A Virus, H2N2 Subtype (immunology), Influenza A Virus, H2N2 Subtype (pathogenicity), Influenza A virus (immunology), Influenza A virus (pathogenicity), Interferon-gamma (biosynthesis), Interferon-gamma (immunology), Interleukin-6 (biosynthesis), Interleukin-6 (immunology), Interleukin-8 (biosynthesis), Interleukin-8 (immunology), Lung (immunology), Lung (pathology), Lung (virology), Macaca fascicularis (immunology), Macaca fascicularis (virology), Male, Orthomyxoviridae Infections (complications), Orthomyxoviridae Infections (immunology), Orthomyxoviridae Infections (transmission), Orthomyxoviridae Infections (veterinary), Pneumonia, Viral (etiology), Pneumonia, Viral (immunology), Pneumonia, Viral (pathology), Pneumonia, Viral (veterinary), Reassortant Viruses (immunology), Reassortant Viruses (pathogenicity), Severity of Illness Index, Swine (immunology), Swine (virology), Swine Diseases (immunology), Swine Diseases (transmission), Swine Diseases (virology).
- MESH :
- chemical , biosynthesis : Chemokine CCL2, Interferon-gamma, Interleukin-6, Interleukin-8.
- chemical , immunology : Chemokine CCL2, Interferon-gamma, Interleukin-6, Interleukin-8.
- complications : Orthomyxoviridae Infections.
- etiology : Pneumonia, Viral.
- immunology : Influenza A Virus, H2N2 Subtype, Influenza A virus, Lung, Macaca fascicularis, Orthomyxoviridae Infections, Pneumonia, Viral, Reassortant Viruses, Swine, Swine Diseases.
- pathogenicity : Influenza A Virus, H2N2 Subtype, Influenza A virus, Reassortant Viruses.
- pathology : Lung, Pneumonia, Viral.
- transmission : Orthomyxoviridae Infections, Swine Diseases.
- veterinary : Orthomyxoviridae Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- virology : Lung, Macaca fascicularis, Swine, Swine Diseases.
- Animals, Female, Humans, Male, Severity of Illness Index.
Abstract
The triple reassortant H2N3 virus isolated from diseased pigs in the United States in 2006 is pathogenic for certain mammals without prior adaptation and transmits among swine and ferrets. Adaptation, in the H2 hemagglutinin derived from an avian virus, includes the ability to bind to the mammalian receptor, a significant prerequisite for infection of mammals, in particular humans, which poses a big concern for public health. Here we investigated the pathogenic potential of swine H2N3 in Cynomolgus macaques, a surrogate model for human influenza infection. In contrast to human H2N2 virus, which served as a control and largely caused mild pneumonia similar to seasonal influenza A viruses, the swine H2N3 virus was more pathogenic causing severe pneumonia in nonhuman primates. Both viruses replicated in the entire respiratory tract, but only swine H2N3 could be isolated from lung tissue on day 6 post infection. All animals cleared the infection whereas swine H2N3 infected macaques still presented with pathologic changes indicative of chronic pneumonia at day 14 post infection. Swine H2N3 virus was also detected to significantly higher titers in nasal and oral swabs indicating the potential for animal-to-animal transmission. Plasma levels of IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 and IFNγ were significantly increased in swine H2N3 compared to human H2N2 infected animals supporting the previously published notion of increased IL-6 levels being a potential marker for severe influenza infections. In conclusion, the swine H2N3 virus represents a threat to humans with the potential for causing a larger outbreak in a non-immune or partially immune population. Furthermore, surveillance efforts in farmed pig populations need to become an integral part of any epidemic and pandemic influenza preparedness.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039990
PubMed: 22808082
PubMed Central: 3394781
Affiliations:
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Le document en format XML
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type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000A21</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Recently Emerged Swine Influenza A Virus (H2N3) Causes Severe Pneumonia in Cynomolgus Macaques</title><author><name sortKey="Richt, Juergen A" sort="Richt, Juergen A" uniqKey="Richt J" first="Juergen A." last="Richt">Juergen A. Richt</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Kansas</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rockx, Barry" sort="Rockx, Barry" uniqKey="Rockx B" first="Barry" last="Rockx">Barry Rockx</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Laboratory of Virology, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Virology, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Manitoba</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ma, Wenjun" sort="Ma, Wenjun" uniqKey="Ma W" first="Wenjun" last="Ma">Wenjun Ma</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Kansas</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Feldmann, Friederike" sort="Feldmann, Friederike" uniqKey="Feldmann F" first="Friederike" last="Feldmann">Friederike Feldmann</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Office of Operations Management, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Office of Operations Management, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Manitoba</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Safronetz, David" sort="Safronetz, David" uniqKey="Safronetz D" first="David" last="Safronetz">David Safronetz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Laboratory of Virology, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Virology, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Manitoba</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marzi, Andrea" sort="Marzi, Andrea" uniqKey="Marzi A" first="Andrea" last="Marzi">Andrea Marzi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Laboratory of Virology, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Virology, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Manitoba</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kobasa, Darwyn" sort="Kobasa, Darwyn" uniqKey="Kobasa D" first="Darwyn" last="Kobasa">Darwyn Kobasa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Manitoba</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><addr-line>Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Manitoba</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Winnipeg</settlement><region type="state">Manitoba</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Strong, James E" sort="Strong, James E" uniqKey="Strong J" first="James E." last="Strong">James E. Strong</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Manitoba</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><addr-line>Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Manitoba</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Winnipeg</settlement><region type="state">Manitoba</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff7"><addr-line>Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Manitoba</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Winnipeg</settlement><region type="state">Manitoba</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kercher, Lisa" sort="Kercher, Lisa" uniqKey="Kercher L" first="Lisa" last="Kercher">Lisa Kercher</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><addr-line>Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Montana</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Long, Dan" sort="Long, Dan" uniqKey="Long D" first="Dan" last="Long">Dan Long</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><addr-line>Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Montana</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gardner, Don" sort="Gardner, Don" uniqKey="Gardner D" first="Don" last="Gardner">Don Gardner</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><addr-line>Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Montana</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brining, Douglas" sort="Brining, Douglas" uniqKey="Brining D" first="Douglas" last="Brining">Douglas Brining</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><addr-line>Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Montana</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Feldmann, Heinz" sort="Feldmann, Heinz" uniqKey="Feldmann H" first="Heinz" last="Feldmann">Heinz Feldmann</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Laboratory of Virology, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Virology, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Manitoba</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><addr-line>Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Manitoba</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Winnipeg</settlement><region type="state">Manitoba</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Chemokine CCL2 (biosynthesis)</term><term>Chemokine CCL2 (immunology)</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Influenza A Virus, H2N2 Subtype (immunology)</term><term>Influenza A Virus, H2N2 Subtype (pathogenicity)</term><term>Influenza A virus (immunology)</term><term>Influenza A virus (pathogenicity)</term><term>Interferon-gamma (biosynthesis)</term><term>Interferon-gamma (immunology)</term><term>Interleukin-6 (biosynthesis)</term><term>Interleukin-6 (immunology)</term><term>Interleukin-8 (biosynthesis)</term><term>Interleukin-8 (immunology)</term><term>Lung (immunology)</term><term>Lung (pathology)</term><term>Lung (virology)</term><term>Macaca fascicularis (immunology)</term><term>Macaca fascicularis (virology)</term><term>Male</term><term>Orthomyxoviridae Infections (complications)</term><term>Orthomyxoviridae Infections (immunology)</term><term>Orthomyxoviridae Infections (transmission)</term><term>Orthomyxoviridae Infections (veterinary)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (etiology)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (immunology)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (pathology)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (veterinary)</term><term>Reassortant Viruses (immunology)</term><term>Reassortant Viruses (pathogenicity)</term><term>Severity of Illness Index</term><term>Swine (immunology)</term><term>Swine (virology)</term><term>Swine Diseases (immunology)</term><term>Swine Diseases (transmission)</term><term>Swine Diseases (virology)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Chimiokine CCL2 (biosynthèse)</term><term>Chimiokine CCL2 (immunologie)</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Humains</term><term>Indice de gravité médicale</term><term>Infections à Orthomyxoviridae ()</term><term>Infections à Orthomyxoviridae (immunologie)</term><term>Infections à Orthomyxoviridae (médecine vétérinaire)</term><term>Infections à Orthomyxoviridae (transmission)</term><term>Interféron gamma (biosynthèse)</term><term>Interféron gamma (immunologie)</term><term>Interleukine-6 (biosynthèse)</term><term>Interleukine-6 (immunologie)</term><term>Interleukine-8 (biosynthèse)</term><term>Interleukine-8 (immunologie)</term><term>Macaca fascicularis (immunologie)</term><term>Macaca fascicularis (virologie)</term><term>Maladies des porcs (immunologie)</term><term>Maladies des porcs (transmission)</term><term>Maladies des porcs (virologie)</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Pneumopathie virale (anatomopathologie)</term><term>Pneumopathie virale (immunologie)</term><term>Pneumopathie virale (médecine vétérinaire)</term><term>Pneumopathie virale (étiologie)</term><term>Poumon (anatomopathologie)</term><term>Poumon (immunologie)</term><term>Poumon (virologie)</term><term>Sous-type H2N2 du virus de la grippe A (immunologie)</term><term>Sous-type H2N2 du virus de la grippe A (pathogénicité)</term><term>Suidae (immunologie)</term><term>Suidae (virologie)</term><term>Virus de la grippe A (immunologie)</term><term>Virus de la grippe A (pathogénicité)</term><term>Virus recombinants (immunologie)</term><term>Virus recombinants (pathogénicité)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="biosynthesis" xml:lang="en"><term>Chemokine CCL2</term><term>Interferon-gamma</term><term>Interleukin-6</term><term>Interleukin-8</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="immunology" xml:lang="en"><term>Chemokine CCL2</term><term>Interferon-gamma</term><term>Interleukin-6</term><term>Interleukin-8</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="anatomopathologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Pneumopathie virale</term><term>Poumon</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="biosynthèse" xml:lang="fr"><term>Chimiokine CCL2</term><term>Interféron gamma</term><term>Interleukine-6</term><term>Interleukine-8</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="complications" xml:lang="en"><term>Orthomyxoviridae Infections</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="etiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Chimiokine CCL2</term><term>Infections à Orthomyxoviridae</term><term>Interféron gamma</term><term>Interleukine-6</term><term>Interleukine-8</term><term>Macaca fascicularis</term><term>Maladies des porcs</term><term>Pneumopathie virale</term><term>Poumon</term><term>Sous-type H2N2 du virus de la grippe A</term><term>Suidae</term><term>Virus de la grippe A</term><term>Virus recombinants</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunology" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza A Virus, H2N2 Subtype</term><term>Influenza A virus</term><term>Lung</term><term>Macaca fascicularis</term><term>Orthomyxoviridae Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term><term>Reassortant Viruses</term><term>Swine</term><term>Swine Diseases</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="médecine vétérinaire" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à Orthomyxoviridae</term><term>Pneumopathie virale</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathogenicity" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza A Virus, H2N2 Subtype</term><term>Influenza A virus</term><term>Reassortant Viruses</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathogénicité" xml:lang="fr"><term>Sous-type H2N2 du virus de la grippe A</term><term>Virus de la grippe A</term><term>Virus recombinants</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathology" xml:lang="en"><term>Lung</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="transmission" xml:lang="en"><term>Orthomyxoviridae Infections</term><term>Swine Diseases</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="veterinary" xml:lang="en"><term>Orthomyxoviridae Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Macaca fascicularis</term><term>Maladies des porcs</term><term>Poumon</term><term>Suidae</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en"><term>Lung</term><term>Macaca fascicularis</term><term>Swine</term><term>Swine Diseases</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="étiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à Orthomyxoviridae</term><term>Maladies des porcs</term><term>Pneumopathie virale</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Severity of Illness Index</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Humains</term><term>Indice de gravité médicale</term><term>Infections à Orthomyxoviridae</term><term>Mâle</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The triple reassortant H2N3 virus isolated from diseased pigs in the United States in 2006 is pathogenic for certain mammals without prior adaptation and transmits among swine and ferrets. Adaptation, in the H2 hemagglutinin derived from an avian virus, includes the ability to bind to the mammalian receptor, a significant prerequisite for infection of mammals, in particular humans, which poses a big concern for public health. Here we investigated the pathogenic potential of swine H2N3 in Cynomolgus macaques, a surrogate model for human influenza infection. In contrast to human H2N2 virus, which served as a control and largely caused mild pneumonia similar to seasonal influenza A viruses, the swine H2N3 virus was more pathogenic causing severe pneumonia in nonhuman primates. Both viruses replicated in the entire respiratory tract, but only swine H2N3 could be isolated from lung tissue on day 6 post infection. All animals cleared the infection whereas swine H2N3 infected macaques still presented with pathologic changes indicative of chronic pneumonia at day 14 post infection. Swine H2N3 virus was also detected to significantly higher titers in nasal and oral swabs indicating the potential for animal-to-animal transmission. Plasma levels of IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 and IFNγ were significantly increased in swine H2N3 compared to human H2N2 infected animals supporting the previously published notion of increased IL-6 levels being a potential marker for severe influenza infections. In conclusion, the swine H2N3 virus represents a threat to humans with the potential for causing a larger outbreak in a non-immune or partially immune population. Furthermore, surveillance efforts in farmed pig populations need to become an integral part of any epidemic and pandemic influenza preparedness.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wright, Pf" uniqKey="Wright P">PF Wright</name></author><author><name sortKey="Webster, Rg" uniqKey="Webster R">RG Webster</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Johnson, Np" uniqKey="Johnson N">NP Johnson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mueller, J" uniqKey="Mueller J">J Mueller</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Alexander, Dj" uniqKey="Alexander D">DJ Alexander</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fouchier, Ra" uniqKey="Fouchier R">RA Fouchier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Munster, V" uniqKey="Munster V">V Munster</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wallensten, A" uniqKey="Wallensten 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Korth</name></author><author><name sortKey="Proll, Sc" uniqKey="Proll S">SC Proll</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="De Jong, Md" uniqKey="De Jong M">MD de Jong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Simmons, Cp" uniqKey="Simmons C">CP Simmons</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thanh, Tt" uniqKey="Thanh T">TT Thanh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hien, Vm" uniqKey="Hien V">VM Hien</name></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Gj" uniqKey="Smith G">GJ Smith</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hayden, Fg" uniqKey="Hayden F">FG Hayden</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fritz, R" uniqKey="Fritz R">R Fritz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lobo, Mc" uniqKey="Lobo M">MC Lobo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alvord, W" uniqKey="Alvord W">W Alvord</name></author><author><name sortKey="Strober, W" uniqKey="Strober W">W 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Rud</name></author><author><name sortKey="Eaton, Sm" uniqKey="Eaton S">SM Eaton</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lanthier, Pa" uniqKey="Lanthier P">PA Lanthier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Burg, E" uniqKey="Burg E">E Burg</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Svitek, N" uniqKey="Svitek N">N Svitek</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rudd, Pa" uniqKey="Rudd P">PA Rudd</name></author><author><name sortKey="Obojes, K" uniqKey="Obojes K">K Obojes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pillet, S" uniqKey="Pillet S">S Pillet</name></author><author><name sortKey="Von Messling, V" uniqKey="Von Messling V">V von Messling</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kash, Jc" uniqKey="Kash J">JC Kash</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tumpey, Tm" uniqKey="Tumpey T">TM Tumpey</name></author><author><name sortKey="Proll, Sc" uniqKey="Proll S">SC Proll</name></author><author><name sortKey="Carter, V" uniqKey="Carter V">V Carter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Perwitasari, O" uniqKey="Perwitasari O">O Perwitasari</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Canada</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Kansas</li><li>Manitoba</li><li>Montana</li></region><settlement><li>Winnipeg</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université du Manitoba</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Kansas"><name sortKey="Richt, Juergen A" sort="Richt, Juergen A" uniqKey="Richt J" first="Juergen A." last="Richt">Juergen A. Richt</name></region><name sortKey="Brining, Douglas" sort="Brining, Douglas" uniqKey="Brining D" first="Douglas" last="Brining">Douglas Brining</name><name sortKey="Gardner, Don" sort="Gardner, Don" uniqKey="Gardner D" first="Don" last="Gardner">Don Gardner</name><name sortKey="Kercher, Lisa" sort="Kercher, Lisa" uniqKey="Kercher L" first="Lisa" last="Kercher">Lisa Kercher</name><name sortKey="Long, Dan" sort="Long, Dan" uniqKey="Long D" first="Dan" last="Long">Dan Long</name><name sortKey="Ma, Wenjun" sort="Ma, Wenjun" uniqKey="Ma W" first="Wenjun" last="Ma">Wenjun Ma</name></country><country name="Canada"><noRegion><name sortKey="Rockx, Barry" sort="Rockx, Barry" uniqKey="Rockx B" first="Barry" last="Rockx">Barry Rockx</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Feldmann, Friederike" sort="Feldmann, Friederike" uniqKey="Feldmann F" first="Friederike" last="Feldmann">Friederike Feldmann</name><name sortKey="Feldmann, Heinz" sort="Feldmann, Heinz" uniqKey="Feldmann H" first="Heinz" last="Feldmann">Heinz Feldmann</name><name sortKey="Feldmann, Heinz" sort="Feldmann, Heinz" uniqKey="Feldmann H" first="Heinz" last="Feldmann">Heinz Feldmann</name><name sortKey="Kobasa, Darwyn" sort="Kobasa, Darwyn" uniqKey="Kobasa D" first="Darwyn" last="Kobasa">Darwyn Kobasa</name><name sortKey="Kobasa, Darwyn" sort="Kobasa, Darwyn" uniqKey="Kobasa D" first="Darwyn" last="Kobasa">Darwyn Kobasa</name><name sortKey="Marzi, Andrea" sort="Marzi, Andrea" uniqKey="Marzi A" first="Andrea" last="Marzi">Andrea Marzi</name><name sortKey="Safronetz, David" sort="Safronetz, David" uniqKey="Safronetz D" first="David" last="Safronetz">David Safronetz</name><name sortKey="Strong, James E" sort="Strong, James E" uniqKey="Strong J" first="James E." last="Strong">James E. Strong</name><name sortKey="Strong, James E" sort="Strong, James E" uniqKey="Strong J" first="James E." last="Strong">James E. Strong</name><name sortKey="Strong, James E" sort="Strong, James E" uniqKey="Strong J" first="James E." last="Strong">James E. Strong</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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